{ "entity_id": "S-VIC-024", "folder": "Ambulance-Victoria", "name": "Ambulance Victoria", "type": "Statutory Authority", "jurisdiction": "VIC", "portfolio": "Health", "website": "https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/", "data_status": "partial", "completeness": { "has_strategy_brief": true, "has_strategy_structured": true, "has_vision": false, "has_kpi_targets": true, "has_kpi_results": true, "has_strategy_overview": true, "has_legislation_text": true, "has_legislation_structured": false, "has_global_initiatives_text": false, "has_ideas": true, "has_artifacts": true, "n_ideas": 12, "n_legislation": 0, "n_artifacts": 7, "n_kpi_targets": 1, "n_kpi_results": 1, "n_outcomes": 1, "verified_own_data": true }, "strategy_profile": { "status": "needs_review", "confidence": "medium", "summary": "The aim is to improve survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) by 30% in bystander witnessed, initially shockable OHCA.", "official_site_url": "https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/", "source_documents": [ { "type": "annual_report", "title": "VACAR Annual Report 2024-2025 PDF 5.4 MB (opens in a new window)", "url": "https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf", "period": "2024-25", "confidence": "high" }, { "type": "annual_report", "title": "VACAR Annual Report 2023-2024 PDF 4.92 MB (opens in a new window)", "url": "https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-04/VACAR-Annual-Report-2023-2024.pdf", "period": "2023-24", "confidence": "high" }, { "type": "annual_report", "title": "VACAR Annual Report 2022-2023 PDF 3.68 MB (opens in a new window)", "url": "https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf", "period": "2022-23", "confidence": "high" }, { "type": "annual_report", "title": "VACAR Annual Report 2021-2022 PDF 36.25 MB (opens in a new window)", "url": "https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2021-2022.pdf", "period": "2021-22", "confidence": "high" }, { "type": "annual_report", "title": "VACAR Annual Report 2020-2021 PDF 43.58 MB (opens in a new window)", "url": "https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2020-2021.pdf", "period": "2020-21", "confidence": "high" }, { "type": "strategie", "title": "Cardiac Arrest Improvement Strategy 2023-2028 PDF 17.08 MB (opens in a new window)", "url": "https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/Cardiac-Arrest-Improvement-Strategy-2023-2028.pdf", "period": "2024", "confidence": "medium" }, { "type": "corporate_plan", "title": "Corporate Plan", "url": "https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-12/AV-Strategic-Plan-2023-2028.pdf", "period": "2024", "confidence": "high" } ], "purpose": null, "vision": null, "strategic_priorities": [], "values": [ { "name": "Caring", "description": "", "source_url": "https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-12/AV-Strategic-Plan-2023-2028.pdf", "source_page": null }, { "name": "Safe", "description": "", "source_url": "https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-12/AV-Strategic-Plan-2023-2028.pdf", "source_page": null }, { "name": "Effective", "description": "", "source_url": "https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-12/AV-Strategic-Plan-2023-2028.pdf", "source_page": null }, { "name": "Connected", "description": "", "source_url": "https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-12/AV-Strategic-Plan-2023-2028.pdf", "source_page": null } ], "outcomes": [ { "name": "Outcome 1: Cardiac arrest outcomes", "description": "The aim is to improve survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) by 30% in bystander witnessed, initially shockable OHCA.", "activities": [ "Implementing a resuscitation quality improvement bundle", "Launching the 'Are you Resus Ready?' campaign", "Developing the Cardiac Arrest Improvement Strategy 2023-2028" ], "source_url": "https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-12/AV-Strategic-Plan-2023-2028.pdf", "source_page": 13, "source_deep_url": "https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-12/AV-Strategic-Plan-2023-2028.pdf#page=13" } ], "performance_measures": [ { "code": "CCE01", "measure": "Survival to hospital discharge in bystander witnessed, initially shockable OHCA", "target": "44%", "latest_result": "44%", "status": "Achieved", "target_source_url": "https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-12/AV-Strategic-Plan-2023-2028.pdf", "target_source_page": 13, "result_source_url": "https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf", "result_source_page": 36 } ], "document_alignment_terms": { "must_support": [], "watch_terms": [ "Survival to hospital discharge in bystander witnessed, initially shockable OHCA" ], "avoid_claiming_without_evidence": [] }, "review_note": "Structured strategy exists but is incomplete." }, "strategy_brief_md": "# Ambulance Victoria — Strategy Brief\n\n**Reporting period**: 2024-25\n**Corporate plan in force**: 2025-26\n**Annual Report**: [2024-25](https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)\n\n## Outcomes\n\n### Outcome 1: Cardiac arrest outcomes\nThe aim is to improve survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) by 30% in bystander witnessed, initially shockable OHCA. [CP p.13](https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-12/AV-Strategic-Plan-2023-2028.pdf#page=13)\n\n**Key activities:**\n- Implementing a resuscitation quality improvement bundle\n- Launching the 'Are you Resus Ready?' campaign\n- Developing the Cardiac Arrest Improvement Strategy 2023-2028\n\n## Values and principles\n\n- Caring\n- Safe\n- Effective\n- Connected\n\n## What they will measure themselves on this year (targets from 2025-26 corporate plan)\n\n| Code | Measure | Target | Source |\n|---|---|---|---|\n| CCE01 | Survival to hospital discharge in bystander witnessed, initially shockable OHCA | 44% | CP p.13 |\n\n## How they performed last year (results from 2024-25 annual report)\n\n| Code | Measure | Result | Status | Source |\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n| CCE01 | Survival to hospital discharge in bystander witnessed, initially shockable OHCA | 44% | Achieved | [AR p.36](https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf#page=36)(https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf#page=36) |", "strategy_overview_evidence_md": null, "internal_strategy_evidence_md": "# Ambulance Victoria - Strategy, Performance, and Operating Profile\n\n**Generated at**: 2026-05-09T22:45:54.761060+00:00\n**Entity ID**: S-VIC-024\n**Entity type**: Statutory Authority\n**Jurisdiction**: VIC\n**Portfolio**: Health\n**Website**: https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/\n\n> Draft generated from scraped source material. Treat this as an evidence pack for editorial review, not a final judgement.\n\n## Source Coverage\n\n| Source type | Count |\n|---|---:|\n| annual-reports | 4 |\n| pages | 7 |\n\n## Executive Readout\n\n### Purpose\n\n- [Page 21]\nCardiac Arrest Improvement Strategy 2023-2028\nStrategic Priority 1 Strategic Priority 2\nCommunity CPR and public Comprehensive system response\naccess defibrillation\nOptimise cardiac arrest recognition,\nEnhance community-based participation call-handling and dispatch and\nin cardiopulmonary resuscitation and provide a comprehensive system Increase our first Provide focused\npublic access defibrillation. response. responder capacity reporting and\nin regional areas monitoring of call\nhandling performance\nInvest in Targeted delivery\ncommunity of CPR awareness\neducation programs education in schools\nand Heart Safe (our Call, Push, Examine the Expert panel\nreview and feedback\nCommunities Shock program) potential for audio-\nof cardiac arrest\nvisual connection for\nrecognition in the\nemergency calls\nemergency call\nIdentify inequities Use digital OUR VISION\n Source: `annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)`\n- [pages 7,8,9]\nugh the EMR program after cardiac arrest) people since 2004\n2019\n2024 2023 2022 2020\nVACAR 20-year\nNotification of Cardiac 2023-2028 Cardiac Artificial Intelligence Introduction of Roll out of High Expansion of anniversary and\nArrest Survivors for Staff Arrest Improvement developed to improve the Team Performance Performance CPR the GoodSAM first milestone 100,000th\nto receive feedback on Strategy released detection of cardiac arrest Report for cardiac for paramedics responder app to OHCA case\ntheir quality of care and in Triple Zero Victoria (000) arrest debriefing members of the public recorded\noutcomes calls (the AIDE study)\nCommencement of\nCommencement FIRST and AUGMENT-VA\nof PANDA trial clinical trials in 2022\n10 | Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry Annual Report 2023/24 | 11\n Source: `annual-reports/2023-24.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-04/VACAR-Annual-Report-2023-2024.pdf)`\n- These\nA/Prof Ziad Nehme ASM Dr Tegwyn McManamny external defibrillators (AEDs).\noutcomes are the result of deliberate, evidence-\nDirector, Centre for Research & Evaluation Executive Director, Quality and Clinical Innovation driven action, guided by our Cardiac Arrest At the same time, more than 29,000 people\nChair, Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry Improvement Strategy 2023–2028. participated in Call, Push, Shock education sessions,\nbringing us significantly closer to our ambition\nOver the past year, we have accelerated targeted\nof training over 100,000 Victorians by 2028.\n Source: `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)`\n- [pages 7,8,9]\nHigh Expansion of the\nResus ready campaign’ arrest survivors for Cardiac Arrest Intelligence of Team Performance CPR GoodSAM first\nto enhance paramedic & staff to receive feedback Improvement developed Performance for paramedics responder app\nfirst responder prepared- on their quality of care Commencement to improve the Report to members of the public\nStrategy\nness for resuscitation and outcomes of FIRST and detection of cardiac for cardiac arrest\nreleased VACAR 20-year\nAUGMENT-VA arrest in Triple Zero debriefing\nLaunch of the FMR Commencement clinical trials in Victoria (000) calls anniversary and\nCo-Responder program of PANDA trial 2022 (the AIDE study) milestone 100,000th\nOHCA case recorded\nin regional Victoria\n10 | Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry Annual Report 2024/25 | 11\n Source: `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)`\n\n### Role and Functions\n\n- The GoodSAM\nresponder is notified of the patient’s location,\nand the location of the nearest AED registered\nGoodSAM responder priority locations:\nin Ambulance Victoria’s AED registry.\n• • Frankston Mildura\n• • Gannawarra Moira\n• •\nGreater Dandenong Mount Alexander\n• •\nGreater Shepparton Swan Hill\n•\nLatrobe\n646\npatients attended by\na GoodSAM responder\nin 2022/23\n357\npatients administered\nCPR by a GoodSAM\nresponder in\n2022/23\nBecome a\nGoodSAM\nresponder\nRegister\nyour AED\nin the AED\nregistry\n22'\ntpeS-luJ\n22'\nceD-tcO\n32'\nraM-naJ\n32'\nnuJ-rpA\n32'\ntpeS-luJ\n32'\nceD-tcO\nRegistered GoodSAM responders\n18,000\n16,000\n14,000\n12,000\n10,000\n8,000\n34 | Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry Annual Report 2022/23 | 35\n Source: `annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)`\n- The\nGoodSAM responder is notified of the patient’s\nlocation, and the location of the nearest AED\nGoodSAM responder priority locations:\nregistered in Ambulance Victoria’s AED registry.\n• •\nFrankston Mildura\n• •\nGannawarra Moira\n• •\nGreater Dandenong Mount Alexander\n• •\nGreater Shepparton Swan Hill\n•\nLatrobe\n793\npatients attended by\na GoodSAM responder\nin 2023/24 481\npatients administered\nCPR by a GoodSAM\nresponder in\n2023/24\nBecome a\nGoodSAM\nresponder\nRegister\nyour AED\nin the AED\nregistry\n32'\npeS-luJ\n32'\nceD-tcO\n42'\nraM-naJ\n42'\nnuJ-rpA\n42'\npeS-luJ\n42'\nceD-tcO\nRegistered GoodSAM responders\n18,000\n16,000\n14,000\n12,000\n10,000\n38 | Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry Annual Report 2023/24 | 39\n Source: `annual-reports/2023-24.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-04/VACAR-Annual-Report-2023-2024.pdf)`\n- The GoodSAM\nresponder is notified of the patient’s location,\nand the location of the nearest AED registered\nGoodSAM responder priority locations:\nin AV’s AED registry.\n• •\nFrankston Mildura\n• •\nGannawarra Moira\n• •\nGreater Dandenong Mount Alexander\n• •\nGreater Shepparton Swan Hill\n•\nLatrobe\n932\npatients attended by\na GoodSAM responder\nin 2024/25\n357\npatients administered\nCPR by a GoodSAM\nresponder in\n2024/25\nBecome a\nGoodSAM\nresponder\nRegister\nyour AED\nin the AED\nregistry\n32'\nceD-tcO\n42'\nraM-naJ\n42'\nnuJ-rpA\n42'\npeS-luJ\n42'\nceD-tcO\n52'\nhcraM-naJ\n52'\nnuJ-rpA\nRegistered GoodSAM responders\n20,000\n18,000\n16,000\n14,000\n12,000\n10,000\n40 | Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry Annual Report 2024/25 | 41\n Source: `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)`\n- [Page 12]\nLink 1: Link 2:\nActivate EMS Initiate CPR\nIn 2022/23, 80% of bystander witnessed The Ambulance Victoria Cardiac Arrest\nOHCA patients who received a Improvement Strategy 2023-2028 aims to\nimprove community-based participation\nresuscitation attempt by EMS were\nin CPR and public access defibrillation by\nadministered bystander CPR.\ninvesting in community education programs\nThis is the same as 2021/22.\n(including education in schools) and Heart Safe\nCommunities, as well as encouraging the\nOver the past decade, the rate of bystander CPR\nuse of digital media applications, such as\nadministration has plateaued.\n Source: `annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)`\n- [Page 14]\nLink 1: Link 2:\nActivate EMS Initiate CPR\nAfter collapse from OHCA, an early call time, or the time between the Triple Zero Victoria In 2023/24, 79% of bystander witnessed The Ambulance Victoria 2023–2028 Cardiac\nfor help is arguably the most important (000) call and the arrival of EMS at scene, is a OHCA patients who received a Arrest Improvement Strategy aims to improve\ninternational measure of quality for OHCA Care. community-based participation in CPR and\naction taken by bystanders. resuscitation attempt by EMS were\npublic access defibrillation by investing in\nIn 2023/24, 93% of calls were initially directed by administered bystander CPR.\n Source: `annual-reports/2023-24.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-04/VACAR-Annual-Report-2023-2024.pdf)`\n- A Story of Survival 12\nIncidence 14\nDemographics 15\nPrecipitating Events 16\nLocation of Arrest 17\nThe Chain of Survival 18\nLink 1: Activate EMS 20\nLink 2: Initiate CPR 21\nLink 3: Rapid Defibrillation 22\nLink 4: Advanced Resuscitation 23\nLink 5: Post-Cardiac Arrest Care 26\nLink 6: Recovery 27\nSurvival Benchmarking 30\nPriority Locations 32\nBecome a GoodSAM Responder 35\nCardiac Arrest Improvement Strategy 36\n2022/23 Research Publications 40\nAbbreviations 41\nReferences 41\nstnetnoC\n Source: `annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)`\n\n### Strategic Priorities\n\n- [Page 21]\nCardiac Arrest Improvement Strategy 2023-2028\nStrategic Priority 1 Strategic Priority 2\nCommunity CPR and public Comprehensive system response\naccess defibrillation\nOptimise cardiac arrest recognition,\nEnhance community-based participation call-handling and dispatch and\nin cardiopulmonary resuscitation and provide a comprehensive system Increase our first Provide focused\npublic access defibrillation. response. responder capacity reporting and\nin regional areas monitoring of call\nhandling performance\nInvest in Targeted delivery\ncommunity of CPR awareness\neducation programs education in schools\nand Heart Safe (our Call, Push, Examine the Expert panel\nreview and feedback\nCommunities Shock program) potential for audio-\nof cardiac arrest\nvisual connection for\nrecognition in the\nemergency calls\nemergency call\nIdentify inequities Use digital OUR VISION\n Source: `annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)`\n- A Story of Survival 12\nIncidence 14\nDemographics 15\nPrecipitating Events 16\nLocation of Arrest 17\nThe Chain of Survival 18\nLink 1: Activate EMS 20\nLink 2: Initiate CPR 21\nLink 3: Rapid Defibrillation 22\nLink 4: Advanced Resuscitation 23\nLink 5: Post-Cardiac Arrest Care 26\nLink 6: Recovery 27\nSurvival Benchmarking 30\nPriority Locations 32\nBecome a GoodSAM Responder 35\nCardiac Arrest Improvement Strategy 36\n2022/23 Research Publications 40\nAbbreviations 41\nReferences 41\nstnetnoC\n Source: `annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)`\n- Ambulance\nand have full-time PCI capabilities. fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular Victoria’s Cardiac Arrest Improvement Strategy\ntachycardia (VT), 31% of patients survived to 2023-2028 outlines four priority areas to improve\nhospital discharge, an increase on the 29% OHCA survival by 30% in Victoria over the next\nobserved in 2021/22.\n Source: `annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)`\n- Public access defibrillation\nCPR priority locations:\npriority locations:\n• •\nBuloke Northern •\nFrankston\n• Central Goldfields Grampians •\n• East Gippsland • Pyrenees • Greater Dandenong\n• Hindmarsh • Strathbogie\n•\nGreater Shepparton\n• Latrobe • Towong • Latrobe\n• Wangaratta\nYarriambiack\n13,243\nAEDs registered across\nVictoria, 6,796 which\nare public AEDs\n32 | Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry Annual Report 2022/23 | 33\n Source: `annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)`\n- The GoodSAM\nresponder is notified of the patient’s location,\nand the location of the nearest AED registered\nGoodSAM responder priority locations:\nin Ambulance Victoria’s AED registry.\n• • Frankston Mildura\n• • Gannawarra Moira\n• •\nGreater Dandenong Mount Alexander\n• •\nGreater Shepparton Swan Hill\n•\nLatrobe\n646\npatients attended by\na GoodSAM responder\nin 2022/23\n357\npatients administered\nCPR by a GoodSAM\nresponder in\n2022/23\nBecome a\nGoodSAM\nresponder\nRegister\nyour AED\nin the AED\nregistry\n22'\ntpeS-luJ\n22'\nceD-tcO\n32'\nraM-naJ\n32'\nnuJ-rpA\n32'\ntpeS-luJ\n32'\nceD-tcO\nRegistered GoodSAM responders\n18,000\n16,000\n14,000\n12,000\n10,000\n8,000\n34 | Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry Annual Report 2022/23 | 35\n Source: `annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)`\n- Resuscitation Quality Snapshot 2023/24 28\nLink 5: Post-Cardiac Arrest Care 30\nLink 6: Recovery 31\nWITH THANKS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Survival Benchmarking 34\nOF COUNTRY\nWe gratefully acknowledge the following people for their assistance in the Priority Locations 36\ncollection of registry data and production of this report: Ambulance Victoria acknowledges the\nBecome a GoodSAM Responder 39\nThe VACAR and Research & Evaluation team: Kimberley Magain, Davina Traditional Owners of the lands in Victoria.\n Source: `annual-reports/2023-24.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-04/VACAR-Annual-Report-2023-2024.pdf)`\n- [Page 20]\nPriority\nLocations\nOHCA incidence relative OHCA incidence relative\nto bystander CPR provision to public AED availability\nThe below map depicts the incidence of OHCA The below map depicts the incidence of OHCA\n(per 100,000 population) within Local Government (per 100,000 population) within Local Government\nAreas of Victoria, relative to the proportion of Areas of Victoria, relative to the incidence of public\npatients who received bystander CPR within that AEDs (per 10,000 population) within that Local\nLocal Government Area.\n Source: `annual-reports/2023-24.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-04/VACAR-Annual-Report-2023-2024.pdf)`\n- CPR priority locations:\nPublic access defibrillation\n• • priority locations:\nBuloke Northern\n• Central Goldfields Grampians • •\nFrankston Latrobe\n• East Gippsland • Pyrenees • •\nGreater Dandenong Wangaratta\n• Hindmarch • Strathbogie • •\nGreater Shepparton Port Phillip\n• Latrobe • Towong\n•\nYarriambiack\nLocate\nLocal AEDs\n10,304\nAEDs registered across\nVictoria, 7,563 of which\nare public AEDs\n36 | Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry Annual Report 2023/24 | 37\n Source: `annual-reports/2023-24.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-04/VACAR-Annual-Report-2023-2024.pdf)`\n- The\nGoodSAM responder is notified of the patient’s\nlocation, and the location of the nearest AED\nGoodSAM responder priority locations:\nregistered in Ambulance Victoria’s AED registry.\n• •\nFrankston Mildura\n• •\nGannawarra Moira\n• •\nGreater Dandenong Mount Alexander\n• •\nGreater Shepparton Swan Hill\n•\nLatrobe\n793\npatients attended by\na GoodSAM responder\nin 2023/24 481\npatients administered\nCPR by a GoodSAM\nresponder in\n2023/24\nBecome a\nGoodSAM\nresponder\nRegister\nyour AED\nin the AED\nregistry\n32'\npeS-luJ\n32'\nceD-tcO\n42'\nraM-naJ\n42'\nnuJ-rpA\n42'\npeS-luJ\n42'\nceD-tcO\nRegistered GoodSAM responders\n18,000\n16,000\n14,000\n12,000\n10,000\n38 | Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry Annual Report 2023/24 | 39\n Source: `annual-reports/2023-24.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-04/VACAR-Annual-Report-2023-2024.pdf)`\n- [Page 21]\nPriority\nlocations\nOHCA incidence relative OHCA incidence relative\nto bystander CPR provision to public AED availability\nThe below map depicts the incidence of OHCA The below map depicts the incidence of OHCA\n(per 100,000 population) within Local Government (per 100,000 population) within Local Government\nAreas of Victoria, relative to the proportion of Areas of Victoria, relative to the incidence of public\npatients who received bystander CPR within that AEDs (per 10,000 population) within that Local\nLocal Government Area.\n Source: `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)`\n\n## KPIs, Targets, and Where They Are At\n\n- The Utstein survival result achieved this year (44\nper cent) is a 10-percentage point improvement on\nwhat was achieved at the height of the COVID-19\npandemic and has achieved our target three years\nahead of schedule.\n Source: `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)`\n- This is our highest ever 50%\nfocusses on reporting survival within the cohort of Utstein survival rate and is slightly higher than\npatients who have a bystander witnessed OHCA, the result achieved in 2018/19, prior to the\n40%\npresent in an initial shockable cardiac rhythm (VF/ COVID-19 pandemic.\n Source: `annual-reports/2023-24.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-04/VACAR-Annual-Report-2023-2024.pdf)`\n- [Page 14]\nResuscitation Quality Snapshot 2022/23\nEarly recognition High quality CPR Early defibrillation Advanced care\n89% 92% 64% 84%\nof cases had placement median chest of cases had the first first pass intubation\nsuccess\nof pads compression defibrillation\nwithin 2 minutes fraction within 2 minutes of EMS arrival\nof EMS arrival at patient\n94% 80% 89%\n5.7 sec\nof cases had median compressions of transported\nmedian pre-shock pause\ncompressions at the target depth cases had a systolic\nblood pressure >\nunderway\n100mmHg on hospital\non pad placement\narrival\n93% 70% 68%\n3.7 sec 45 min\nof cases had the median compressions median post-shock pause of VF/VT patients\ninitial rhythm at the target rate who died on scene\ncorrectly identified had an adequate\nduration (45 minutes)\nof resuscitation\nNote: Includes all EMS attempted resuscitations for 2022-23.\n Source: `annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)`\n- [pages 14,15,16]\nfirst pass intubation\nsuccess\nof pads compression defibrillation\nwithin 2 minutes fraction within 2 minutes of EMS arrival\nof EMS arrival at patient\n94% 80% 89%\n5.7 sec\nof cases had median compressions of transported\nmedian pre-shock pause\ncompressions at the target depth cases had a systolic\nblood pressure >\nunderway\n100mmHg on hospital\non pad placement\narrival\n93% 70% 68%\n3.7 sec 45 min\nof cases had the median compressions median post-shock pause of VF/VT patients\ninitial rhythm at the target rate who died on scene\ncorrectly identified had an adequate\nduration (45 minutes)\nof resuscitation\nNote: Includes all EMS attempted resuscitations for 2022-23.\n Source: `annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)`\n- Victoria attended\nThe state-wide incidence of OHCA was 114 per\n100,000 population, which is a small decrease 7,545\n29% 35%\nfrom 120 per 100,000 population in 2022/23 and\nsimilar to the result reported in 2021/22 (111 per\n100,000 population).\n Source: `annual-reports/2023-24.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-04/VACAR-Annual-Report-2023-2024.pdf)`\n- [Page 16]\nResuscitation Quality Snapshot 2023/24\nEarly recognition High quality CPR Early defibrillation Advanced care\n92% 92% 68% 86%\nof cases had placement median chest of cases had the first first pass intubation\nsuccess\nof pads compression defibrillation\nwithin 2 minutes fraction within 2 minutes of EMS arrival\nof EMS arrival at patient\n96% 83% 89%\n5.2 sec\nof cases had median compressions of transported\nmedian pre-shock pause\ncompressions at the target depth cases had a systolic\nblood pressure >\nunderway\n100mmHg on hospital\non pad placement\narrival\n93% 72% 72%\n3.6 sec 45 min\nof cases had the median compressions median post-shock pause of VF/VT patients\ninitial rhythm at the target rate who died on scene\ncorrectly identified had an adequate\nduration (45 minutes)\nof resuscitation\nNote: Includes all EMS attempted resuscitations for 2023/24.\n Source: `annual-reports/2023-24.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-04/VACAR-Annual-Report-2023-2024.pdf)`\n- [pages 16,17,18]\nfirst pass intubation\nsuccess\nof pads compression defibrillation\nwithin 2 minutes fraction within 2 minutes of EMS arrival\nof EMS arrival at patient\n96% 83% 89%\n5.2 sec\nof cases had median compressions of transported\nmedian pre-shock pause\ncompressions at the target depth cases had a systolic\nblood pressure >\nunderway\n100mmHg on hospital\non pad placement\narrival\n93% 72% 72%\n3.6 sec 45 min\nof cases had the median compressions median post-shock pause of VF/VT patients\ninitial rhythm at the target rate who died on scene\ncorrectly identified had an adequate\nduration (45 minutes)\nof resuscitation\nNote: Includes all EMS attempted resuscitations for 2023/24.\n Source: `annual-reports/2023-24.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-04/VACAR-Annual-Report-2023-2024.pdf)`\n- These\nA/Prof Ziad Nehme ASM Dr Tegwyn McManamny external defibrillators (AEDs).\noutcomes are the result of deliberate, evidence-\nDirector, Centre for Research & Evaluation Executive Director, Quality and Clinical Innovation driven action, guided by our Cardiac Arrest At the same time, more than 29,000 people\nChair, Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry Improvement Strategy 2023–2028. participated in Call, Push, Shock education sessions,\nbringing us significantly closer to our ambition\nOver the past year, we have accelerated targeted\nof training over 100,000 Victorians by 2028.\n Source: `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)`\n- [Page 17]\nResuscitation quality snapshot 2024/25\nEarly recognition High quality CPR Early defibrillation Advanced care\n92% 92% 74% 86%\nof cases had placement median chest of cases had the first first pass intubation\nsuccess\nof pads compression defibrillation\nwithin 2 minutes fraction within 2 minutes of EMS arrival\nof EMS arrival at patient\n95% 83% 88%\n5.1 sec\nof cases had median compressions of transported\nmedian pre-shock pause\ncompressions at the target depth cases had a systolic\nblood pressure >\nunderway\n100mmHg on hospital\non pad placement\narrival\n94% 73% 74%\n3.4 sec 45 min\nof cases had the median compressions median post-shock pause of VF/VT patients\ninitial rhythm at the target rate who died on scene\ncorrectly identified had an adequate\nduration (45 minutes)\nof resuscitation\nNote: Includes all EMS attempted resuscitations for 2024/25.\n Source: `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)`\n- [pages 17,18,19]\nfirst pass intubation\nsuccess\nof pads compression defibrillation\nwithin 2 minutes fraction within 2 minutes of EMS arrival\nof EMS arrival at patient\n95% 83% 88%\n5.1 sec\nof cases had median compressions of transported\nmedian pre-shock pause\ncompressions at the target depth cases had a systolic\nblood pressure >\nunderway\n100mmHg on hospital\non pad placement\narrival\n94% 73% 74%\n3.4 sec 45 min\nof cases had the median compressions median post-shock pause of VF/VT patients\ninitial rhythm at the target rate who died on scene\ncorrectly identified had an adequate\nduration (45 minutes)\nof resuscitation\nNote: Includes all EMS attempted resuscitations for 2024/25.\n Source: `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)`\n- Our Target\nTo improve survival to\nhospital discharge by\n30%\nin bystander witnessed\ninitially shockable OHCA\n36 | Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry Annual Report 2022/23 | 37\n Source: `annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)`\n- See the\nStrategy\nhere\nOur Target\nTo improve survival to\nhospital discharge by\n30%\nin bystander witnessed\ninitially shockable OHCA\n12 | Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry Annual Report 2023/24 | 13\n Source: `annual-reports/2023-24.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-04/VACAR-Annual-Report-2023-2024.pdf)`\n- Survival reached 44 per cent\nCommunity program engaged 3,902 Victorians\nfor bystander-witnessed, initially shockable OHCA\nacross 12 communities and supported the\n– one of the highest rates reported globally and\ninstallation of 35 new publicly registered automated\nthe highest annual result in AV’s history.\n Source: `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)`\n- 20% Recommendations for optimal chest\nCPR is of high quality if it meets internationally- compressions include a target depth of ≥5cm\ndefined standards and follows a well-practiced\nfor adults and a rate of 100-120 compressions\nchoreography (the “pit-crew” approach) aimed\nper minute.\n Source: `annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)`\n\n## Key Metrics\n\n| Values found | Evidence | Source |\n|---|---|---|\n| 44 per cent | Survival reached 44 per cent\nCommunity program engaged 3,902 Victorians\nfor bystander-witnessed, initially shockable OHCA\nacross 12 communities and supported the\n– one of the highest rates reported globally and\ninstallation of 35 new publicly registered automated\nthe highest annual result in AV’s history. | `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)` |\n| 94 per cent | In 2024/25, 94 per cent of calls were initially directed a resuscitation attempt by EMS were\nby bystanders to Triple Zero (000) ambulance and investing in community education programs\nadministered bystander CPR. | `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)` |\n| 1 million | [pages 7,8,9,10,11]\nics and\nof the EXACT train more than paramedics members of partner\nclinical trial 1 million organisations\nacross Victoria are trained\n(titration of oxygen\nthrough the EMR program after cardiac arrest) people since 2004\n2023 2022 2020 2019\n2023-2028 Commencement Artificial Intelligence Introduction of Roll out of High VACAR 20-year\nCardiac Arrest of FIRST and developed to improve the Team Performance Performance CPR anniversary | `annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)` |\n| 30 per cent, 34 per cent, 44 per cent | Its ambitious goal is to improve survival to hospital\ndischarge by 30 per cent in bystander witnessed,\ninitially shockable OHCA (the Utstein comparator\ngroup), or from 34 per cent in 2021/22, to\n44 per cent in 2027/28. | `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)` |\n| 0.1 per cent | [Page 11]\nIncidence Demographics\nOHCA incidence per 100,000 population\n180\n160\n140\n120 Adult Paediatric\n100 (≥ 16 years) population (< 16 years) population\ndemographics^ demographics^\n80\n60\n40 6,796 82\n20\n0 OHCAs OHCAs\n65% 52%\nwere male were male\nIn 2024/25, AV attended 7,550 OHCA Ambulance and the median and the median\nage was 69 years age was 3 years\nevents, a 0.1 per cent increase on 2023/24. | `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)` |\n| 70 per cent, 77 per cent, 41 per cent, 13 per cent | [Page 12]\nPrecipitating Location\nevents of arrest\nIn 2024/25, 70 per cent of OHCAs were In paediatric patients, most events were of ‘Other’ In 2024/25, 77 per cent of\n3%\ndue to a presumed cardiac aetiology. causes (41 per cent) which most commonly OHCAs occurred in the home, Location of arrest\nincluded cases of sudden unexpected death in\nIn accordance with the Utstein while 13 per cent occurred in in adult patients^\ninfancy. | `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)` |\n| 28 per cent, 21 per cent, 43 per cent | This was followed by trauma/hanging\nrecommendations (Grasner 2024), OHCAs a public location.\n(28 per cent).\nare presumed to be of cardiac origin\nAmong patients who\n13%\nunless a clear precipitator is specified Private residence\nreceived a resuscitation\non the patient care record.\nattempt by EMS, 68 per Aged care facility\n8%\nIn adult patients, the proportion of presumed cent of OHCAs occurred in Public location\ncardiac events increased with increas | `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)` |\n| 80 per cent | [Page 15]\nLink 1: Link 2:\nActivate EMS Initiate CPR\nAfter collapse from OHCA, an early call the Triple Zero (000) call and arrival of EMS at scene, In 2024/25, 80 per cent of bystander The AV 2023-2028 Cardiac Arrest Improvement\nfor help is arguably the most important is an international measure of quality for OHCA. witnessed OHCA patients who received Strategy aims to improve community-based\nparticipation in CPR and defibrillation by\naction take | `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)` |\n| 44\nper cent | The Utstein survival result achieved this year (44\nper cent) is a 10-percentage point improvement on\nwhat was achieved at the height of the COVID-19\npandemic and has achieved our target three years\nahead of schedule. | `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)` |\n| 44 per cent | Survival reached 44 per cent\nCommunity program engaged 3,902 Victorians\nfor bystander-witnessed, initially shockable OHCA\nacross 12 communities and supported the\n– one of the highest rates reported globally and\ninstallation of 35 new publicly registered automated\nthe highest annual result in AV’s history. | `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)` |\n| 80 per cent | [Page 15]\nLink 1: Link 2:\nActivate EMS Initiate CPR\nAfter collapse from OHCA, an early call the Triple Zero (000) call and arrival of EMS at scene, In 2024/25, 80 per cent of bystander The AV 2023-2028 Cardiac Arrest Improvement\nfor help is arguably the most important is an international measure of quality for OHCA. witnessed OHCA patients who received Strategy aims to improve community-based\nparticipation in CPR and defibrillation by\naction take | `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)` |\n\n## Key Achievements\n\n- [Page 4]\nExecutive Summary:\n2022/23 Key Highlights\nThis year we treated More than ever before, the\n80%\nmore cardiac arrest community are stepping in to help\n52\npatients than ever in cardiac arrest emergencies\nof EMS-treated witnessed\nbefore cases received bystander CPR\n7,830\nOut-of-hospital\ncardiac arrest patients\nacross Victoria\n139 cases\n6.4%\nhad a shock delivered from a public AED,\nincrease from the highest number on record\nthe previous year 78%\n12%\n53% 26%\n65% were male\nof cardiac arrests survived when survived when survived when they\noccurred at home first shocked first shocked by received bystander CPR\nby public AED EMS\n5% survived with no bystander CPR\n93% Cardiac arrest patients 83%\nare returning home to\ntheir families of survivors were\nof calls were correctly\ndischarged from\ndirected by bystanders\nhospital directly home\nto Triple Zero (000)\nambulance to their families\n89%\n Source: `annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)`\n- [Page 4]\nExecutive Summary:\n2023/24 Key Highlights\n79%\nof EMS-treated witnessed\ncases received bystander CPR\nAmbulance Victoria More than ever before, the\nare committed to community are stepping in to help\n52\nthe care of cardiac in cardiac arrest emergencies\narrest patients\n7,545\nOut-of-hospital\ncardiac arrest patients\nacross Victoria\n141 cases\n3.7%\nhad a shock delivered from a public AED,\ndecrease from the highest number on record\n14%\nthe previous year 78%\n47% 32%\n67% were male\nsurvived when they\nof cardiac arrests survived when survived when\nreceived bystander CPR\noccurred at home first shocked first shocked\nby public AED by EMS\n6% survived with no bystander CPR\n93% Cardiac arrest patients 84%\nare returning home to\ntheir families of survivors were\nof calls were correctly\ndischarged from\ndirected by bystanders\nhospital directly home\nto Triple Zero Victoria\n Source: `annual-reports/2023-24.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-04/VACAR-Annual-Report-2023-2024.pdf)`\n- [Page 4]\nExecutive summary\n2024/25 key highlights\n80%\nof EMS-treated witnessed\ncases received bystander CPR\nAmbulance Victoria More than ever before, the\nis committed to community is stepping in to help\nthe care of cardiac in cardiac arrest emergencies\narrest patients\n7,550\nOut-of-hospital\ncardiac arrest patients\nacross Victoria\n152 cases\n0.1%\nhad a shock delivered from a public AED,\nincrease from the highest number on record\n17%\nthe previous year 77%\n63% 35%\n68% were male\nsurvived when they\nof cardiac arrests survived when survived when\nreceived bystander CPR\noccurred at home first shocked first shocked\nby public AED by EMS\n7% survived with no bystander CPR\n94% Cardiac arrest patients 83%\nare returning home to\nof calls were correctly their families of survivors were\ndirected by bystanders discharged from\nto Triple Zero Victoria hospital directly home\n(000) ambulance to their families\n Source: `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)`\n- [pages 7,8,9]\nugh the EMR program after cardiac arrest) people since 2004\n2019\n2024 2023 2022 2020\nVACAR 20-year\nNotification of Cardiac 2023-2028 Cardiac Artificial Intelligence Introduction of Roll out of High Expansion of anniversary and\nArrest Survivors for Staff Arrest Improvement developed to improve the Team Performance Performance CPR the GoodSAM first milestone 100,000th\nto receive feedback on Strategy released detection of cardiac arrest Report for cardiac for paramedics responder app to OHCA case\ntheir quality of care and in Triple Zero Victoria (000) arrest debriefing members of the public recorded\noutcomes calls (the AIDE study)\nCommencement of\nCommencement FIRST and AUGMENT-VA\nof PANDA trial clinical trials in 2022\n10 | Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry Annual Report 2023/24 | 11\n Source: `annual-reports/2023-24.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-04/VACAR-Annual-Report-2023-2024.pdf)`\n- [pages 7,8,9]\nHigh Expansion of the\nResus ready campaign’ arrest survivors for Cardiac Arrest Intelligence of Team Performance CPR GoodSAM first\nto enhance paramedic & staff to receive feedback Improvement developed Performance for paramedics responder app\nfirst responder prepared- on their quality of care Commencement to improve the Report to members of the public\nStrategy\nness for resuscitation and outcomes of FIRST and detection of cardiac for cardiac arrest\nreleased VACAR 20-year\nAUGMENT-VA arrest in Triple Zero debriefing\nLaunch of the FMR Commencement clinical trials in Victoria (000) calls anniversary and\nCo-Responder program of PANDA trial 2022 (the AIDE study) milestone 100,000th\nOHCA case recorded\nin regional Victoria\n10 | Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry Annual Report 2024/25 | 11\n Source: `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)`\n- [Page 9]\nCardiac Arrest Improvement\nCall Push Shock sessions\nStrategy highlights\nwere delivered to over\n29,000 individuals\nDriving targeted education and\nawareness in resuscitation\nIn line with AV’s goal to improve cardiac arrest\nsurvival rates by 30 per cent by 2028, we launched\na grass-roots awareness campaign across Victoria\nto enhance paramedic and first responder Novel trial of ultraportable Training the Victorian community\npreparedness for resuscitation.\n Source: `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)`\n- After intensive\n6:15am reformer class in August when she of knowing what to do in a cardiac arrest treatment and nearly three weeks in hospital, Every day, around 21 Victorians will suffer a\nsuddenly collapsed. because there were no warning signs this Forch was finally able to return home – a cardiac arrest and only one in 10 survive.\nwas going to happen.\n“We were about 15 minutes into the class and milestone her rescuers and family say still feels Victoria has the best cardiac arrest survival\nit had all been normal, then completely out “It was unlucky it happened to Forch, but so miraculous. rates in Australia and second best anywhere\nof the blue, she just fell back,” class member lucky it happened where it did because we “It was a huge relief when I found out she in the world, thanks to a high level of\nGrace Weaving said. were there to help her.” survived,” Lisa said.\n Source: `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)`\n- [pages 7,8,9,10,11]\nics and\nof the EXACT train more than paramedics members of partner\nclinical trial 1 million organisations\nacross Victoria are trained\n(titration of oxygen\nthrough the EMR program after cardiac arrest) people since 2004\n2023 2022 2020 2019\n2023-2028 Commencement Artificial Intelligence Introduction of Roll out of High VACAR 20-year\nCardiac Arrest of FIRST and developed to improve the Team Performance Performance CPR anniversary and\nImprovement AUGMENT-VA detection of cardiac arrest Report for cardiac for paramedics milestone 100,000th\nStrategy released clinical trials in Triple Zero (000) calls arrest debriefing OHCA case\n(the AIDE study) Expansion of the recorded\nGoodSAM first\nresponder app to\nmembers of the public\n10 | Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry Annual Report 2022/23 | 11\n Source: `annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)`\n- [Page 2]\nContents\nA Message from the Leadership Team 2\nExecutive Summary:\n2023/24 Key Highlights 4\nVictorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry 6\nHow we Respond to Cardiac Arrest in Victoria 8\nAV’s Key Initiatives to Improve\nCardiac Arrest Outcomes 10\nCardiac Arrest Improvement Strategy 12\nCardiac Arrest Improvement\nStrategy Highlights 14\nA Story of Survival 16\nIncidence 18\nDemographics 19\nPrecipitating Events 20\nLocation of Arrest 21\nThe Chain of Survival 22\nLink 1: Activate EMS 24\nLink 2: Initiate CPR 25\nLink 3: Rapid Defibrillation 26\nPictured left to right: Eden Bartlett, Belinda Delardes, Ashanti Dantanarayana, Brett\nWhibley, Kathryn Wilson, Candice Menezes, Ziad Nehme, Jenna Schwarz and Tara Ralph.\n Source: `annual-reports/2023-24.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-04/VACAR-Annual-Report-2023-2024.pdf)`\n- [Page 2]\nContents\nA message from the Leadership Team 2\nExecutive summary 2024/25 key highlights 4\nVictorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry 6\nHow we respond to cardiac arrest in Victoria 8\nAV’s key initiatives to improve\ncardiac arrest outcomes 10\nCardiac Arrest Improvement Strategy 12\nCardiac Arrest Improvement Strategy\nhighlights 14\nStory of survival 16\nIncidence 18\nDemographics 19\nPrecipitating events 20\nLocation of arrest 21\nStory of survival 22\nThe Chain of Survival 24\nLink 1: Activate EMS 26\nLink 2: Initiate CPR 27\nBack row left to right: Steve Musgrave, Sydney Schneider and Tara Ralph.\n Source: `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)`\n- A Story of Survival 12\nIncidence 14\nDemographics 15\nPrecipitating Events 16\nLocation of Arrest 17\nThe Chain of Survival 18\nLink 1: Activate EMS 20\nLink 2: Initiate CPR 21\nLink 3: Rapid Defibrillation 22\nLink 4: Advanced Resuscitation 23\nLink 5: Post-Cardiac Arrest Care 26\nLink 6: Recovery 27\nSurvival Benchmarking 30\nPriority Locations 32\nBecome a GoodSAM Responder 35\nCardiac Arrest Improvement Strategy 36\n2022/23 Research Publications 40\nAbbreviations 41\nReferences 41\nstnetnoC\n Source: `annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)`\n- That is, it is possible that Victoria’s 100,000 population received a received a\nCOVID-19 lockdowns and restrictions in 2020/21\nresuscitation resuscitation\nprotected the elderly and/or frail, and that the\nattempt by EMS attempt by EMS\nrisk of OHCA in these populations increased\ndisproportionately after restrictions were lifted\nin 2022.\n^Excludes EMS witnessed events.\nnoitalupop\n000,001\n/\necnedicnI\n41/3102 51/4102 61/5102 71/6102 81/7102 91/8102 02/9102 12/0202 22/1202 32/2202\n157\n124\n118\n98\n105\n89\nState-wide Metropolitan Rural\n14 | Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry Annual Report 2022/23 | 15\n Source: `annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)`\n\n## Key Issues, Risks, and Recommendations\n\n- That is, it is possible that Victoria’s 100,000 population received a received a\nCOVID-19 lockdowns and restrictions in 2020/21\nresuscitation resuscitation\nprotected the elderly and/or frail, and that the\nattempt by EMS attempt by EMS\nrisk of OHCA in these populations increased\ndisproportionately after restrictions were lifted\nin 2022.\n^Excludes EMS witnessed events.\nnoitalupop\n000,001\n/\necnedicnI\n41/3102 51/4102 61/5102 71/6102 81/7102 91/8102 02/9102 12/0202 22/1202 32/2202\n157\n124\n118\n98\n105\n89\nState-wide Metropolitan Rural\n14 | Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry Annual Report 2022/23 | 15\n Source: `annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)`\n- 20%\nUtstein comparator group survival rates nationally and internationally 10%\n0%\nKing County EMS (2022) 47%\nAmbulance Victoria (2022/23) 36%\nSt John Western Australia (2022) 33%\nRisk adjusted odds of survival^\nWellington Free Ambulance (2021/22) 32%\n2\nCardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (2022) 31%\n1.5\nHato Hone St John New Zealand (2021/22) 29%\n1\nQueensland Ambulance Service (2021) 28%\nLondon Ambulance Service (2022/23) 26% 0.5\nScottish Ambulance Service (2021/22) 26% 0\nNational Ambulance Service Ireland (2022) 25%\nNew South Wales Ambulance Service (2021) 24%\nThe risk-adjusted odds of survival to hospital\ndischarge in 2022/23 were not significantly\nNote: different from 10 years ago, although have\nKing County EMS and the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival report on non-traumatic OHCAs. improved since 2021/22.\n Source: `annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)`\n- National Ambulance Service Ireland report on adult patients (>17 years) only.\n^ Risk-adjusted model was adjusted for patient age, male\ngender, public location and year of arrest.\negrahcsid\not\nlavivruS\n41/3102 51/4102\n41/3102\n61/5102 71/6102\n51/4102\n81/7102 91/8102\n61/5102\n02/9102 12/0202\n71/6102\n22/1202\n81/7102\n32/2202\n91/8102 02/9102 12/0202 22/1202 32/2202\n40%\n38% 39% 38%\n36%\n34% 35% 34% 34%\n33%\nRisk adjusted\nodds of survival to\ndischarge in the\nUtstein comparator\ngroup\nThe odds of survival have not returned to pre-\nCOVID-19 levels.\n Source: `annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)`\n- 20%\nUtstein comparator group survival rates nationally and internationally\n10%\n0%\nKing County EMS (2024) 51%\nDenmark (2023) 45%\nAmbulance Victoria (2023/24) 41%\nNorway (2023) 40%\nRisk adjusted odds of survival^\nSt John Western Australia (2023) 40%\nWellington Free Ambulance (2022/23) 32%\n2\nCardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (2023) 32%\n1.5\nIreland Ambulance Service (2023) 29%\nHato Hone St John New Zealand (2022/23) 28% 1\nQueensland Ambulance Service (2021) 28%\n0.5\nSouth East Coast Ambulance Service (2022/23) 27%\n0\nLondon Ambulance Service (2022/23) 26%\nScottish Ambulance Service (2022/23) 26%\nNew South Wales Ambulance Service (2021) 24%\nThe risk-adjusted odds of survival to hospital discharge in 2023/24 were 41%\nNote: higher compared to 10 years ago.\n Source: `annual-reports/2023-24.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-04/VACAR-Annual-Report-2023-2024.pdf)`\n- South East Coast Ambulance Service report 30-day survival.\negrahcsid\not\nlavivruS\n51/4102\n51/4102\n61/5102 71/6102\n61/5102\n81/7102 91/8102\n71/6102\n02/9102 12/0202\n81/7102\n22/1202\n91/8102\n32/2202 42/3202\n02/9102 12/0202 22/1202 32/2202 42/3202\n40% 41%\n38% 39% 38%\n35% 36%\n33% 34% 34%\nRisk adjusted\nodds of survival to\ndischarge in the\nUtstein comparator\ngroup\n)IC\n%59(\noitaR\nsddO\n34 | Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry Annual Report 2023/24 | 35\n Source: `annual-reports/2023-24.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-04/VACAR-Annual-Report-2023-2024.pdf)`\n- South East Coast Ambulance Service report on 30-day survival.\negrahcsid\not\nlavivruS\n61/5102 71/6102 81/7102 91/8102 02/9102 12/0202 22/1202 32/2202 42/3202 52/4202\nRisk adjusted odds of survival^\n2.5\n2\n1.5\n1\n0.5\n0\nThe risk-adjusted odds of survival to hospital discharge in 2024/25 was\nhigher compared to 10 years ago.\n Source: `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)`\n- 40% 41% 44%\n38% 39% 38%\n35% 36%\n34% 34%\n61/5102 71/6102 81/7102 91/8102 02/9102 12/0202 22/1202 32/2202 42/3202 52/4202\nRisk adjusted\nodds of survival to\ndischarge in the\nUtstein comparator\ngroup\n)IC\n%59(\noitaR\nsddO\n36 | Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry Annual Report 2024/25 | 37\n Source: `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)`\n- This was followed by occurred in the home, while Location of arrest\n‘Other’ causes which most commonly included\nIn accordance with the Utstein 13% occurred in a public in adult patients^\ncases of sudden unexpected death in infancy\nrecommendations (Perkins 2015), OHCAs location.\n(41%) and drowning (24%).\nare presumed to be of cardiac origin\nAmong patients who\n13%\nunless a clear precipitator is specified Private residence\nreceived a resuscitation\non the patient care record.\nattempt by EMS, 70% of Aged care facility\n8%\nIn adult patients, the proportion of presumed OHCAs occurred in the Public location\ncardiac events increased with increasing home, and 21% occurred\nOther\nage.\n Source: `annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)`\n- 20% Recommendations for optimal chest\nCPR is of high quality if it meets internationally- compressions include a target depth of ≥5cm\ndefined standards and follows a well-practiced\nfor adults and a rate of 100-120 compressions\nchoreography (the “pit-crew” approach) aimed\nper minute.\n Source: `annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)`\n- Lower chest compression\nfraction (i.e. longer pauses and lower proportion\nof time with CPR being performed) during\nresuscitation is associated with a decreased\n0% Recommendations for\nlikelihood of ROSC and survival.\noptimal chest compressions\ninclude a target depth of\n≥5cm for adults and a rate\nof 100-120 compressions\nper minute.\n Source: `annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)`\n- As of June 2024, 646\nVACAR are sending letters to Ambulance Victoria patients have been enrolled in the FIRST trial As part of Ambulance Victoria's Cardiac Arrest\nstaff involved in the resuscitation of cardiac and it is expected to complete recruitment early Improvement Strategy, Ambulance Victoria will\narrest patients when those patients have been in 2025. establish 40 new Heart Safe Communities in\ndischarged alive from hospital. high-risk regions across Victoria.\n Source: `annual-reports/2023-24.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-04/VACAR-Annual-Report-2023-2024.pdf)`\n- This was followed occurred in the home, while Location of arrest\nby Terminal Illness (33%) and ‘Other’ causes which\nIn accordance with the Utstein 13% occurred in a public in adult patients^\ninclude cases of sudden unexpected death in\nrecommendations (Grasner 2024), OHCAs location.\ninfancy (32%).\nare presumed to be of cardiac origin\nAmong patients who\n13%\nunless a clear precipitator is specified Private residence\nreceived a resuscitation\non the patient care record.\nattempt by EMS, 70% of Aged care facility\n8%\nIn adult patients, the proportion of presumed OHCAs occurred in the Public location\ncardiac events increased with increasing age. home and 22% occurred\nOther\nAmong patients aged between 16 and 35 years,\nin a public location.\nthe most common cause of OHCA was trauma /\nhanging (46%).\n Source: `annual-reports/2023-24.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-04/VACAR-Annual-Report-2023-2024.pdf)`\n- Lower chest compression fraction (i.e. lower\nproportion of time with CPR being performed)\n0% Recommendations for during resuscitation is associated with a\noptimal chest compressions decreased likelihood of ROSC and survival.\ninclude a target depth of\n≥5cm for adults and a rate\nof 100–120 compressions\nper minute.\n Source: `annual-reports/2023-24.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-04/VACAR-Annual-Report-2023-2024.pdf)`\n- [Page 3]\nA message f rom the\nThe Heart Safe\nLeadership Team\nCommunity program\nengaged 3,902 Victorians\nacross 12 communities\nDespite the ongoing challenges following the in the consistently strong results presented in this\nCOVID-19 pandemic, AV recorded its highest year’s Resuscitation Quality Snapshot.\never internationally comparable (Utstein) survival\nCommunity action remains fundamental to\noutcomes in 2024/25, surpassing its previous year’s\nimproving survival.\n Source: `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)`\n\n## Corporate Values and Operating Culture\n\n- They enable live benchmarking across regions and\ninternationally recognised as pathways to further improve patient outcomes.\nrapid identification of individual cases where CPR\nIt is also one of few cardiac arrest registries in\nthe Chain of Survival. performance falls short of organisational standards, It is against this backdrop of sustained system\nthe world that provide data-driven insights and\nsupporting focused debriefing and continuous improvement, innovation and collaboration that\nfeedback to paramedics who attend a resuscitation.\nimprovement. we present the 2024/25 VACAR Annual Report,\nThis data-driven debriefing model has resulted in\nhighlighting the outstanding contributions of\nexceptional improvements in resuscitation care and By making high-quality data accessible and\nthe community, paramedics and clinicians who\nquality in Australia over the past five years.\n Source: `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)`\n- [pages 3,4,5]\nld that provide data-driven insights and\nsupporting focused debriefing and continuous improvement, innovation and collaboration that\nfeedback to paramedics who attend a resuscitation.\nimprovement. we present the 2024/25 VACAR Annual Report,\nThis data-driven debriefing model has resulted in\nhighlighting the outstanding contributions of\nexceptional improvements in resuscitation care and By making high-quality data accessible and\nthe community, paramedics and clinicians who\nquality in Australia over the past five years. actionable, these reforms strengthen transparency,\ncontinue to transform cardiac arrest care in Victoria.\naccountability and a unified organisational focus on\nimproving OHCA outcomes – outcomes reflected\n2 | Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry Annual Report 2024/25 | 3\n Source: `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)`\n- 20%\nUtstein comparator group survival rates nationally and internationally 10%\n0%\nKing County EMS (2022) 47%\nAmbulance Victoria (2022/23) 36%\nSt John Western Australia (2022) 33%\nRisk adjusted odds of survival^\nWellington Free Ambulance (2021/22) 32%\n2\nCardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (2022) 31%\n1.5\nHato Hone St John New Zealand (2021/22) 29%\n1\nQueensland Ambulance Service (2021) 28%\nLondon Ambulance Service (2022/23) 26% 0.5\nScottish Ambulance Service (2021/22) 26% 0\nNational Ambulance Service Ireland (2022) 25%\nNew South Wales Ambulance Service (2021) 24%\nThe risk-adjusted odds of survival to hospital\ndischarge in 2022/23 were not significantly\nNote: different from 10 years ago, although have\nKing County EMS and the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival report on non-traumatic OHCAs. improved since 2021/22.\n Source: `annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)`\n- National Ambulance Service Ireland report on adult patients (>17 years) only.\n^ Risk-adjusted model was adjusted for patient age, male\ngender, public location and year of arrest.\negrahcsid\not\nlavivruS\n41/3102 51/4102\n41/3102\n61/5102 71/6102\n51/4102\n81/7102 91/8102\n61/5102\n02/9102 12/0202\n71/6102\n22/1202\n81/7102\n32/2202\n91/8102 02/9102 12/0202 22/1202 32/2202\n40%\n38% 39% 38%\n36%\n34% 35% 34% 34%\n33%\nRisk adjusted\nodds of survival to\ndischarge in the\nUtstein comparator\ngroup\nThe odds of survival have not returned to pre-\nCOVID-19 levels.\n Source: `annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)`\n- 20%\nUtstein comparator group survival rates nationally and internationally\n10%\n0%\nKing County EMS (2024) 51%\nDenmark (2023) 45%\nAmbulance Victoria (2023/24) 41%\nNorway (2023) 40%\nRisk adjusted odds of survival^\nSt John Western Australia (2023) 40%\nWellington Free Ambulance (2022/23) 32%\n2\nCardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (2023) 32%\n1.5\nIreland Ambulance Service (2023) 29%\nHato Hone St John New Zealand (2022/23) 28% 1\nQueensland Ambulance Service (2021) 28%\n0.5\nSouth East Coast Ambulance Service (2022/23) 27%\n0\nLondon Ambulance Service (2022/23) 26%\nScottish Ambulance Service (2022/23) 26%\nNew South Wales Ambulance Service (2021) 24%\nThe risk-adjusted odds of survival to hospital discharge in 2023/24 were 41%\nNote: higher compared to 10 years ago.\n Source: `annual-reports/2023-24.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-04/VACAR-Annual-Report-2023-2024.pdf)`\n- South East Coast Ambulance Service report 30-day survival.\negrahcsid\not\nlavivruS\n51/4102\n51/4102\n61/5102 71/6102\n61/5102\n81/7102 91/8102\n71/6102\n02/9102 12/0202\n81/7102\n22/1202\n91/8102\n32/2202 42/3202\n02/9102 12/0202 22/1202 32/2202 42/3202\n40% 41%\n38% 39% 38%\n35% 36%\n33% 34% 34%\nRisk adjusted\nodds of survival to\ndischarge in the\nUtstein comparator\ngroup\n)IC\n%59(\noitaR\nsddO\n34 | Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry Annual Report 2023/24 | 35\n Source: `annual-reports/2023-24.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-04/VACAR-Annual-Report-2023-2024.pdf)`\n- South East Coast Ambulance Service report on 30-day survival.\negrahcsid\not\nlavivruS\n61/5102 71/6102 81/7102 91/8102 02/9102 12/0202 22/1202 32/2202 42/3202 52/4202\nRisk adjusted odds of survival^\n2.5\n2\n1.5\n1\n0.5\n0\nThe risk-adjusted odds of survival to hospital discharge in 2024/25 was\nhigher compared to 10 years ago.\n Source: `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)`\n- Since the program launched in December Providing accessible, real-time data in this way In 2024/25, the Heart Safe Community project\n2024, 54 patients with OHCA in regional Victoria drives transparency and accountability, and a reached 3,902 Victorians within 12 communities,\nhave received treatment from an FMR trained whole of organisation approach in delivering with 35 new 24/7 public AEDs registered.\nbrigade.\n Source: `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)`\n\n## Global Ideas and Case Study Inputs\n\n_No global-intelligence source text found yet. Run `CLAUDE/global-ideas-scraper.py ` to populate case-study sources._\n\n## Source Artifacts Used\n\n- `annual-reports/2020-21.pdf` - annual-reports - https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2020-2021.pdf\n- `annual-reports/2022-23.pdf` - annual-reports - https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf\n- `annual-reports/2023-24.pdf` - annual-reports - https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-04/VACAR-Annual-Report-2023-2024.pdf\n- `annual-reports/2024-25.pdf` - annual-reports - https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf\n- `pages/about.html` - pages - https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/about-us\n- `pages/contact.html` - pages - https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/contact\n- `pages/homepage.html` - pages - https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/\n- `pages/news-latest.html` - pages - https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/latest-news\n- `pages/publications-index.html` - pages - https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/research-publications\n- `pages/structure.html` - pages - https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/our-organisation\n- `pages/taskforces-index.html` - pages - https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/community-advisory-committee\n\n## Gaps To Fix\n\n- No corporate plan text source found.\n- No global comparison/case-study sources found.", "legislation_md": "# Ambulance Victoria - Acts and Legislation Discovery\n\n**Generated at**: 2026-05-09T21:31:54.538639+00:00\n**Entity ID**: S-VIC-024\n**Jurisdiction**: Victoria\n**Portfolio**: Health\n\n> This is an evidence-based discovery list from scraped department material. A mention does not always mean the department administers the legislation; high-confidence and official register links should be reviewed.\n\n## Summary\n\n- Source files scanned: 13\n- Unique legislation references found: 0\n\n## Legislation References\n\n_No Act/Regulation/Instrument references found in the local corpus._\n\n## Files Scanned\n\n- `pages/about.html` (page)\n- `pages/contact.html` (page)\n- `pages/homepage.html` (page)\n- `pages/news-latest.html` (page)\n- `pages/publications-index.html` (page)\n- `pages/structure.html` (page)\n- `pages/taskforces-index.html` (page)\n- `annual-reports/2020-21.pages.jsonl` (pdf_pages)\n- `annual-reports/2021-22.pages.jsonl` (pdf_pages)\n- `annual-reports/2022-23.pages.jsonl` (pdf_pages)\n- `annual-reports/2023-24.pages.jsonl` (pdf_pages)\n- `annual-reports/2024-25.pages.jsonl` (pdf_pages)\n- `strategies/Cardiac-Arrest-Improvement-Strategy-2023-2028.pages.jsonl` (pdf_pages)", "global_initiatives_md": null, "strategy": { "reporting_period": "2024-25", "corporate_plan_period": "2025-26", "vision": null, "vision_source_page": null, "purposes": null, "purposes_source_page": null, "how_we_deliver": null, "how_we_deliver_source_page": null, "government_priorities": [], "outcomes": [ { "name": "Outcome 1: Cardiac arrest outcomes", "description": "The aim is to improve survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) by 30% in bystander witnessed, initially shockable OHCA.", "key_activities": [ "Implementing a resuscitation quality improvement bundle", "Launching the 'Are you Resus Ready?' campaign", "Developing the Cardiac Arrest Improvement Strategy 2023-2028" ], "source_page": 13 } ], "values": [ "Caring", "Safe", "Effective", "Connected" ], "values_framework_name": null, "kpi_targets_2025_26": [ { "code": "CCE01", "measure": "Survival to hospital discharge in bystander witnessed, initially shockable OHCA", "target": "44%", "source_page": 13 } ], "kpi_results_2024_25": [ { "code": "CCE01", "measure": "Survival to hospital discharge in bystander witnessed, initially shockable OHCA", "result": "44%", "status": "Achieved", "source_page": 36 } ], "_source_urls": { "annual_report_url": "https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf", "corporate_plan_url": "https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-12/AV-Strategic-Plan-2023-2028.pdf" } }, "ideas": [ { "entity_id": "S-VIC-024", "entity_name": "Ambulance Victoria", "folder_name": "Ambulance-Victoria", "category": "Data & Performance", "scale": "small", "title": "KPI evidence register with named owners", "idea": "Create a simple register mapping each KPI to source data, owner, frequency, target, and last result.", "quote": "These\nA/Prof Ziad Nehme ASM Dr Tegwyn McManamny external defibrillators (AEDs).\noutcomes are the result of deliberate, evidence-\nDirector, Centre for Research & Evaluation Executive Director, Quality and Clinical Innovation driven action, guided by our Cardiac Arrest At the same time, more than 29,000 people\nChair, Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry Improvement Strategy 2023–2028. participated in Call, Push, Shock education sessions,\nbringing us significantly closer to our ambition\nOver the past year, we have accelerated targeted\nof training over 100,000 Victorians by 2028.", "impact": "High", "effort": "Low", "proof": "Evidence-backed", "beneficiaries": "Executives / Parliament / public", "source": "annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)", "implementation": [ "Pick one high-volume process or document family.", "Name an owner and baseline current volume, time, cost, and satisfaction.", "Run a 4-8 week pilot with clear before/after metrics.", "Publish lessons and decide whether to scale." ], "risks": [ "Privacy and data quality", "Change fatigue", "Unclear accountability" ] }, { "entity_id": "S-VIC-024", "entity_name": "Ambulance Victoria", "folder_name": "Ambulance-Victoria", "category": "Data & Performance", "scale": "large", "title": "Outcome dashboard linking budget, delivery, and public impact", "idea": "Build a public-facing outcome dashboard showing spend, outputs, outcomes, and delivery confidence.", "quote": "These\nA/Prof Ziad Nehme ASM Dr Tegwyn McManamny external defibrillators (AEDs).\noutcomes are the result of deliberate, evidence-\nDirector, Centre for Research & Evaluation Executive Director, Quality and Clinical Innovation driven action, guided by our Cardiac Arrest At the same time, more than 29,000 people\nChair, Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry Improvement Strategy 2023–2028. participated in Call, Push, Shock education sessions,\nbringing us significantly closer to our ambition\nOver the past year, we have accelerated targeted\nof training over 100,000 Victorians by 2028.", "impact": "Very High", "effort": "High", "proof": "Evidence-backed", "beneficiaries": "Executives / Parliament / public", "source": "annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)", "implementation": [ "Create a senior responsible owner and cross-functional delivery team.", "Map legislation, data, privacy, procurement, cyber, and workforce constraints.", "Co-design with users and frontline staff before technology selection.", "Stage delivery through pilots, benefits tracking, and public reporting." ], "risks": [ "Privacy and data quality", "Change fatigue", "Unclear accountability" ] }, { "entity_id": "S-VIC-024", "entity_name": "Ambulance Victoria", "folder_name": "Ambulance-Victoria", "category": "Citizen Services", "scale": "small", "title": "Plain-language service pages and proactive status updates", "idea": "Rewrite high-volume pages and letters into plain language, add status notifications, and measure contact reduction.", "quote": "20%\nUtstein comparator group survival rates nationally and internationally\n10%\n0%\nKing County EMS (2024) 51%\nDenmark (2023) 45%\nAmbulance Victoria (2023/24) 41%\nNorway (2023) 40%\nRisk adjusted odds of survival^\nSt John Western Australia (2023) 40%\nWellington Free Ambulance (2022/23) 32%\n2\nCardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (2023) 32%\n1.5\nIreland Ambulance Service (2023) 29%\nHato Hone St John New Zealand (2022/23) 28% 1\nQueensland Ambulance Service (2021) 28%\n0.5\nSouth East Coast Ambulance Service (2022/23) 27%\n0\nLondon Ambulance Service (2022/23) 26%\nScottish Ambulance Service (2022/23) 26%\nNew South Wales Ambulance Service (2021) 24%\nThe risk-adjusted odds of survival to hospital discharge in 2023/24 were 41%\nNote: higher compared to 10 years ago.", "impact": "High", "effort": "Low", "proof": "Evidence-backed", "beneficiaries": "Citizens / service users", "source": "annual-reports/2023-24.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-04/VACAR-Annual-Report-2023-2024.pdf)", "implementation": [ "Pick one high-volume process or document family.", "Name an owner and baseline current volume, time, cost, and satisfaction.", "Run a 4-8 week pilot with clear before/after metrics.", "Publish lessons and decide whether to scale." ], "risks": [ "Privacy and data quality", "Change fatigue", "Unclear accountability", "Digital exclusion", "Low public trust if feedback is not acted on" ] }, { "entity_id": "S-VIC-024", "entity_name": "Ambulance Victoria", "folder_name": "Ambulance-Victoria", "category": "Citizen Services", "scale": "large", "title": "Single front door for life-event based services", "idea": "Bundle services around life events so citizens can complete related steps across agencies in one journey.", "quote": "20%\nUtstein comparator group survival rates nationally and internationally\n10%\n0%\nKing County EMS (2024) 51%\nDenmark (2023) 45%\nAmbulance Victoria (2023/24) 41%\nNorway (2023) 40%\nRisk adjusted odds of survival^\nSt John Western Australia (2023) 40%\nWellington Free Ambulance (2022/23) 32%\n2\nCardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (2023) 32%\n1.5\nIreland Ambulance Service (2023) 29%\nHato Hone St John New Zealand (2022/23) 28% 1\nQueensland Ambulance Service (2021) 28%\n0.5\nSouth East Coast Ambulance Service (2022/23) 27%\n0\nLondon Ambulance Service (2022/23) 26%\nScottish Ambulance Service (2022/23) 26%\nNew South Wales Ambulance Service (2021) 24%\nThe risk-adjusted odds of survival to hospital discharge in 2023/24 were 41%\nNote: higher compared to 10 years ago.", "impact": "Very High", "effort": "High", "proof": "Evidence-backed", "beneficiaries": "Citizens / service users", "source": "annual-reports/2023-24.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-04/VACAR-Annual-Report-2023-2024.pdf)", "implementation": [ "Create a senior responsible owner and cross-functional delivery team.", "Map legislation, data, privacy, procurement, cyber, and workforce constraints.", "Co-design with users and frontline staff before technology selection.", "Stage delivery through pilots, benefits tracking, and public reporting." ], "risks": [ "Privacy and data quality", "Change fatigue", "Unclear accountability", "Digital exclusion", "Low public trust if feedback is not acted on" ] }, { "entity_id": "S-VIC-024", "entity_name": "Ambulance Victoria", "folder_name": "Ambulance-Victoria", "category": "Citizen Participation", "scale": "small", "title": "Consultation feedback summaries with response tracking", "idea": "Summarise consultation submissions by theme and publish what changed in response.", "quote": "[Page 21]\nCardiac Arrest Improvement Strategy 2023-2028\nStrategic Priority 1 Strategic Priority 2\nCommunity CPR and public Comprehensive system response\naccess defibrillation\nOptimise cardiac arrest recognition,\nEnhance community-based participation call-handling and dispatch and\nin cardiopulmonary resuscitation and provide a comprehensive system Increase our first Provide focused\npublic access defibrillation. response. responder capacity reporting and\nin regional areas monitoring of call\nhandling performance\nInvest in Targeted delivery\ncommunity of CPR awareness\neducation programs education in schools\nand Heart Safe (our Call, Push, Examine the Expert panel\nreview and feedback\nCommunities Shock program) potential for audio-\nof cardiac arrest\nvisual connection for\nrecognition in the\nemergency calls\nemergency call\nIdentify inequities Use digital OUR VISION", "impact": "High", "effort": "Low", "proof": "Evidence-backed", "beneficiaries": "Citizens / stakeholders / policy teams", "source": "annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)", "implementation": [ "Pick one high-volume process or document family.", "Name an owner and baseline current volume, time, cost, and satisfaction.", "Run a 4-8 week pilot with clear before/after metrics.", "Publish lessons and decide whether to scale." ], "risks": [ "Privacy and data quality", "Change fatigue", "Unclear accountability", "Digital exclusion", "Low public trust if feedback is not acted on" ] }, { "entity_id": "S-VIC-024", "entity_name": "Ambulance Victoria", "folder_name": "Ambulance-Victoria", "category": "Citizen Participation", "scale": "large", "title": "Always-on policy participation platform", "idea": "Create a standing participation platform where citizens and stakeholders can propose, vote, and track ideas.", "quote": "[Page 21]\nCardiac Arrest Improvement Strategy 2023-2028\nStrategic Priority 1 Strategic Priority 2\nCommunity CPR and public Comprehensive system response\naccess defibrillation\nOptimise cardiac arrest recognition,\nEnhance community-based participation call-handling and dispatch and\nin cardiopulmonary resuscitation and provide a comprehensive system Increase our first Provide focused\npublic access defibrillation. response. responder capacity reporting and\nin regional areas monitoring of call\nhandling performance\nInvest in Targeted delivery\ncommunity of CPR awareness\neducation programs education in schools\nand Heart Safe (our Call, Push, Examine the Expert panel\nreview and feedback\nCommunities Shock program) potential for audio-\nof cardiac arrest\nvisual connection for\nrecognition in the\nemergency calls\nemergency call\nIdentify inequities Use digital OUR VISION", "impact": "Very High", "effort": "High", "proof": "Evidence-backed", "beneficiaries": "Citizens / stakeholders / policy teams", "source": "annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)", "implementation": [ "Create a senior responsible owner and cross-functional delivery team.", "Map legislation, data, privacy, procurement, cyber, and workforce constraints.", "Co-design with users and frontline staff before technology selection.", "Stage delivery through pilots, benefits tracking, and public reporting." ], "risks": [ "Privacy and data quality", "Change fatigue", "Unclear accountability", "Digital exclusion", "Low public trust if feedback is not acted on" ] }, { "entity_id": "S-VIC-024", "entity_name": "Ambulance Victoria", "folder_name": "Ambulance-Victoria", "category": "Risk & Assurance", "scale": "small", "title": "Recommendation tracker for audits, reviews, and inquiries", "idea": "Publish a single internal tracker for audit/review recommendations, owners, due dates, and implementation evidence.", "quote": "South East Coast Ambulance Service report on 30-day survival.\negrahcsid\not\nlavivruS\n61/5102 71/6102 81/7102 91/8102 02/9102 12/0202 22/1202 32/2202 42/3202 52/4202\nRisk adjusted odds of survival^\n2.5\n2\n1.5\n1\n0.5\n0\nThe risk-adjusted odds of survival to hospital discharge in 2024/25 was\nhigher compared to 10 years ago.", "impact": "High", "effort": "Low", "proof": "Evidence-backed", "beneficiaries": "Executives / assurance teams", "source": "annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)", "implementation": [ "Pick one high-volume process or document family.", "Name an owner and baseline current volume, time, cost, and satisfaction.", "Run a 4-8 week pilot with clear before/after metrics.", "Publish lessons and decide whether to scale." ], "risks": [ "Privacy and data quality", "Change fatigue", "Unclear accountability", "Regulatory capture", "Over-automation of judgement" ] }, { "entity_id": "S-VIC-024", "entity_name": "Ambulance Victoria", "folder_name": "Ambulance-Victoria", "category": "Risk & Assurance", "scale": "large", "title": "Integrated assurance and lessons-learned system", "idea": "Create an assurance system that connects audit findings, risk registers, delivery reviews, and investment decisions.", "quote": "South East Coast Ambulance Service report on 30-day survival.\negrahcsid\not\nlavivruS\n61/5102 71/6102 81/7102 91/8102 02/9102 12/0202 22/1202 32/2202 42/3202 52/4202\nRisk adjusted odds of survival^\n2.5\n2\n1.5\n1\n0.5\n0\nThe risk-adjusted odds of survival to hospital discharge in 2024/25 was\nhigher compared to 10 years ago.", "impact": "Very High", "effort": "High", "proof": "Evidence-backed", "beneficiaries": "Executives / assurance teams", "source": "annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)", "implementation": [ "Create a senior responsible owner and cross-functional delivery team.", "Map legislation, data, privacy, procurement, cyber, and workforce constraints.", "Co-design with users and frontline staff before technology selection.", "Stage delivery through pilots, benefits tracking, and public reporting." ], "risks": [ "Privacy and data quality", "Change fatigue", "Unclear accountability", "Regulatory capture", "Over-automation of judgement" ] }, { "entity_id": "S-VIC-024", "entity_name": "Ambulance Victoria", "folder_name": "Ambulance-Victoria", "category": "Staff Productivity", "scale": "small", "title": "Reusable briefing and summary assistant for internal documents", "idea": "Create controlled templates for summarising reports, submissions, minutes, and ministerial briefs.", "quote": "[pages 7,8,9]\nHigh Expansion of the\nResus ready campaign’ arrest survivors for Cardiac Arrest Intelligence of Team Performance CPR GoodSAM first\nto enhance paramedic & staff to receive feedback Improvement developed Performance for paramedics responder app\nfirst responder prepared- on their quality of care Commencement to improve the Report to members of the public\nStrategy\nness for resuscitation and outcomes of FIRST and detection of cardiac for cardiac arrest\nreleased VACAR 20-year\nAUGMENT-VA arrest in Triple Zero debriefing\nLaunch of the FMR Commencement clinical trials in Victoria (000) calls anniversary and\nCo-Responder program of PANDA trial 2022 (the AIDE study) milestone 100,000th\nOHCA case recorded\nin regional Victoria\n10 | Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry Annual Report 2024/25 | 11", "impact": "High", "effort": "Low", "proof": "Evidence-backed", "beneficiaries": "APS staff / executives", "source": "annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)", "implementation": [ "Pick one high-volume process or document family.", "Name an owner and baseline current volume, time, cost, and satisfaction.", "Run a 4-8 week pilot with clear before/after metrics.", "Publish lessons and decide whether to scale." ], "risks": [ "Privacy and data quality", "Change fatigue", "Unclear accountability", "Sensitive information leakage", "Inconsistent quality of generated drafts" ] }, { "entity_id": "S-VIC-024", "entity_name": "Ambulance Victoria", "folder_name": "Ambulance-Victoria", "category": "Staff Productivity", "scale": "large", "title": "Department-wide knowledge and briefing platform", "idea": "Build a secure knowledge platform that lets staff search, summarise, and cite approved departmental material.", "quote": "[pages 7,8,9]\nHigh Expansion of the\nResus ready campaign’ arrest survivors for Cardiac Arrest Intelligence of Team Performance CPR GoodSAM first\nto enhance paramedic & staff to receive feedback Improvement developed Performance for paramedics responder app\nfirst responder prepared- on their quality of care Commencement to improve the Report to members of the public\nStrategy\nness for resuscitation and outcomes of FIRST and detection of cardiac for cardiac arrest\nreleased VACAR 20-year\nAUGMENT-VA arrest in Triple Zero debriefing\nLaunch of the FMR Commencement clinical trials in Victoria (000) calls anniversary and\nCo-Responder program of PANDA trial 2022 (the AIDE study) milestone 100,000th\nOHCA case recorded\nin regional Victoria\n10 | Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry Annual Report 2024/25 | 11", "impact": "Very High", "effort": "High", "proof": "Evidence-backed", "beneficiaries": "APS staff / executives", "source": "annual-reports/2024-25.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf)", "implementation": [ "Create a senior responsible owner and cross-functional delivery team.", "Map legislation, data, privacy, procurement, cyber, and workforce constraints.", "Co-design with users and frontline staff before technology selection.", "Stage delivery through pilots, benefits tracking, and public reporting." ], "risks": [ "Privacy and data quality", "Change fatigue", "Unclear accountability", "Sensitive information leakage", "Inconsistent quality of generated drafts" ] }, { "entity_id": "S-VIC-024", "entity_name": "Ambulance Victoria", "folder_name": "Ambulance-Victoria", "category": "Procurement & Delivery", "scale": "small", "title": "Procurement lessons library for repeat purchases", "idea": "Capture reusable procurement clauses, market lessons, supplier performance notes, and common evaluation criteria.", "quote": "[Page 21]\nCardiac Arrest Improvement Strategy 2023-2028\nStrategic Priority 1 Strategic Priority 2\nCommunity CPR and public Comprehensive system response\naccess defibrillation\nOptimise cardiac arrest recognition,\nEnhance community-based participation call-handling and dispatch and\nin cardiopulmonary resuscitation and provide a comprehensive system Increase our first Provide focused\npublic access defibrillation. response. responder capacity reporting and\nin regional areas monitoring of call\nhandling performance\nInvest in Targeted delivery\ncommunity of CPR awareness\neducation programs education in schools\nand Heart Safe (our Call, Push, Examine the Expert panel\nreview and feedback\nCommunities Shock program) potential for audio-\nof cardiac arrest\nvisual connection for\nrecognition in the\nemergency calls\nemergency call\nIdentify inequities Use digital OUR VISION", "impact": "High", "effort": "Low", "proof": "Evidence-backed", "beneficiaries": "Delivery teams / suppliers", "source": "annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)", "implementation": [ "Pick one high-volume process or document family.", "Name an owner and baseline current volume, time, cost, and satisfaction.", "Run a 4-8 week pilot with clear before/after metrics.", "Publish lessons and decide whether to scale." ], "risks": [ "Privacy and data quality", "Change fatigue", "Unclear accountability" ] }, { "entity_id": "S-VIC-024", "entity_name": "Ambulance Victoria", "folder_name": "Ambulance-Victoria", "category": "Procurement & Delivery", "scale": "large", "title": "Portfolio delivery office for major investments", "idea": "Stand up a portfolio delivery office that tracks benefits, risks, dependencies, procurement, and delivery confidence.", "quote": "[Page 21]\nCardiac Arrest Improvement Strategy 2023-2028\nStrategic Priority 1 Strategic Priority 2\nCommunity CPR and public Comprehensive system response\naccess defibrillation\nOptimise cardiac arrest recognition,\nEnhance community-based participation call-handling and dispatch and\nin cardiopulmonary resuscitation and provide a comprehensive system Increase our first Provide focused\npublic access defibrillation. response. responder capacity reporting and\nin regional areas monitoring of call\nhandling performance\nInvest in Targeted delivery\ncommunity of CPR awareness\neducation programs education in schools\nand Heart Safe (our Call, Push, Examine the Expert panel\nreview and feedback\nCommunities Shock program) potential for audio-\nof cardiac arrest\nvisual connection for\nrecognition in the\nemergency calls\nemergency call\nIdentify inequities Use digital OUR VISION", "impact": "Very High", "effort": "High", "proof": "Evidence-backed", "beneficiaries": "Delivery teams / suppliers", "source": "annual-reports/2022-23.pdf (https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/VACAR-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf)", "implementation": [ "Create a senior responsible owner and cross-functional delivery team.", "Map legislation, data, privacy, procurement, cyber, and workforce constraints.", "Co-design with users and frontline staff before technology selection.", "Stage delivery through pilots, benefits tracking, and public reporting." ], "risks": [ "Privacy and data quality", "Change fatigue", "Unclear accountability" ] } ], "legislation_administered": [], "artifacts": [ { "category": "annual-reports", "year": "2024-25", "url": "https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2026-03/VACAR-Annual-Report-2024-2025.pdf", "file": "annual-reports/2024-25.pdf", "bytes": 5661447, "link_text": "VACAR Annual Report 2024-2025 PDF 5.4 MB (opens in a new window)" }, { "category": "annual-reports", "year": "2023-24", "url": 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"annual-reports/2020-21.pdf", "bytes": 45699496, "link_text": "VACAR Annual Report 2020-2021 PDF 43.58 MB (opens in a new window)" }, { "category": "strategies", "year": "2024", "url": "https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/Cardiac-Arrest-Improvement-Strategy-2023-2028.pdf", "file": "strategies/Cardiac-Arrest-Improvement-Strategy-2023-2028.pdf", "bytes": 17908818, "link_text": "Cardiac Arrest Improvement Strategy 2023-2028 PDF 17.08 MB (opens in a new window)" }, { "category": "corporate-plans", "year": "2024", "url": "https://www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-12/AV-Strategic-Plan-2023-2028.pdf", "file": "corporate-plans/2024.pdf", "bytes": 1062095, "link_text": "Corporate Plan" } ], "_meta": { "snapshot_built_at": "2026-05-13T11:02:35+00:00", "strategy_brief_meta": { "model": "nova-micro", "folder": "Ambulance-Victoria", "annual_report": { "file": "annual-reports\\2024-25.txt", "url": 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